Anglais (BVAP)

1. Vocabulary Matching

Match the term to its correct definition:

Answers:
A-2, B-3, C-1, D-4

2. Fill-in-the-Blanks

Complete the sentences with the correct words:

1. _______ are chemical substances secreted by plant roots to attract beneficial microbes.
   (Answer: Rhizodeposits)

2. The plant microbiome consists of bacteria, fungi, and _______ that coexist with the plant.
   (Answer: archaea)

3. _______ provide plants with essential nutrients like nitrogen and phosphorus.
   (Answer: Microbes)

4. _______ is a sustainable method that uses natural microbes to control plant diseases.
   (Answer: Biocontrol)

3. True or False

State whether the following statements are true or false:

1. Phytohormones are harmful chemicals produced by pathogens. (False)
2. Bioinocula have long-term, consistent effects on soil microbial communities. (False)
3. The plant microbiome can help plants cope with environmental stress. (True)
4. Agrochemicals are a type of beneficial microorganism. (False)

4. Active to Passive Transformation

Rewrite the sentences in the passive voice:

1. Microbes promote plant growth.
   Answer: Plant growth is promoted by microbes.

2. Researchers analyzed the impact of bioinocula on microbial communities.
   Answer: The impact of bioinocula on microbial communities was analyzed by researchers.

3. Plants release rhizodeposits into the soil.
   Answer: Rhizodeposits are released into the soil by plants.

5. Identify the Tense

Determine the tense of the verb in each sentence:

1. Plants interact with microbes in the soil. (Present Simple)
2. Researchers are studying the effects of microbial diversity. (Present Continuous)
3. The study concluded that siderophores help microbes obtain iron. (Past Simple)
4. Scientists will explore the role of microbial consortia in future research. (Future Simple)

6. Multiple-Choice Questions

1. What does biocontrol involve?
   a) Using chemicals to control pests
   b) Using living organisms to manage pests or diseases
   c) Using genetic modification in plants
   Answer: b) Using living organisms to manage pests or diseases

2. Which of the following is NOT a benefit provided by microbes to plants?
   a) Protecting against pathogens
   b) Increasing soil salinity
   c) Providing nutrients
   Answer: b) Increasing soil salinity

3. How do siderophores help microbes?
   a) By solubilizing phosphorus
   b) By capturing iron in low-iron environments
   c) By producing phytohormones
   Answer: b) By capturing iron in low-iron environments

7. Short Answer Questions

1. Explain how rhizodeposits affect soil microbial communities.
   Answer: Rhizodeposits attract beneficial microbes by releasing compounds like sugars and amino acids, which influence microbial composition around plant roots.

2. What are some abiotic factors that microbes help plants overcome?
   Answer: Microbes help plants overcome abiotic factors such as drought, salinity, and extreme temperatures by enhancing nutrient availability and stress resistance mechanisms.